Species Profile: Thylankoderm

We were hacking through a thicket when a team member fell into a clearing; he had cut into a dirt path. Dirt paths were not a rare sight for us, they were a necessity for anyone trying to explore the impenetrable jungles of Yanhuo. Though they were usually indicated on our shared maps by whichever team that made them, sometimes people forget or misplace their markers. However, we were in the most southern reaches of the continentette, by the foot of the Flaming Mountains, hundreds of kilometers away from any known site of exploration.

My first thought was that a different team, perhaps an early USSC operative before my employment, had long beat us to it, but inspecting the trail quickly dispelled that theory. It was at least two meters wide and wound in both directions for about 50 meters before forking. USSC policy advised us to make straight and narrow paths so we would not disturb the native fauna; whoever built this certainly did not get the memo. Furthermore, the trail seemed to be frequently and recently used, evident from its demarcation. Nothing grew on the path but a few pitiful horsetails at the edges. We had been in close communication with all the other Dome 4 teams since the Schoedsack incident. Not even one of them had travelled anywhere near this part of the micro-continent in a few months.

We decided to walk the trail. After hours navigating junctions, we reached what seemed to be the end, a massive circular clearing filled with felled trees stacked on top of each other. On one of the stacks sat an enormous placoderm at least 1.5 meters in length, its azure shell glimmering in the midday sun. The mean hook on its chin, reminiscent of Changgu dromaeopods, suggested it could easily disembowel a human if it tried. None of us wanted to test that hypothesis. Luckily, it seemed to be asleep, so we retreated the way we came as fast as we could.

We later discovered that the animal was a living specimen of Thylankoderma saltentia, previously known only from a single coxa bone found half-buried in a swamp. The holotype had been named after the goad-like spikes protruding from the bone’s upper lobe, but if the discoverers had seen a thylankoderm in the flesh, no doubt they would have named it after something more conspicuous. These spikes are likely used as a defense against rammers by absorbing shock. Combined with their graviportal frames, this makes thylankoderms exceptionally hard to topple. Mantis storks and other tiehe find it just as difficult to penetrate the thick skin of their hind bodies, not that they would risk losing a leg to a thylankoderm’s formidable tail club.

The function of thylankoderms’ vibrant shells immediately ignited debate. The first and most obvious explanation was sexual selection, but this was overruled once we realized males and females had the same color. We were left puzzled for weeks until Ma He caught a small quadrupedal tieheforme trying to eat a piece of blue tarp at our campsite. After some testing, he came to the realization that the animal had mistaken the tarp for a piece of vegetation. Just like most mammals on Earth, tieheformes possess dichromic vision, but unlike mammals which lack cones sensitive to red light (protanopia), tieheformes have anomalous cones sensitive to blue light (tritanomaly). This causes them to perceive both green and blue as similar shades of cyan, the exact color of thylankoderm carapaces. However, the question remains why thylankoderms would use blue pigments for camouflage instead of the more conventional browns and greens in other bipods. A recently proposed theory is that thylankoderms freely acquire pigments through kleptoplasty, like the common lab animal, Elysia chlorotica. The blue pigment of their shells would then be stolen cyanobacteria from their helenophyte prey. However, this theory fails to account for thylankoderm juveniles which do not have sophisticated enough digestive tracks to consume helenophytes, but shine blue nevertheless. More research is required before any conclusion can be made.

Thylankoderms shift niches as they age. Juvenile thylankoderms are far more predatory. Between the ages of 2 and 8, thylankoderms exploit their efficient gait to stalk pseudopods and jungle munchers which wear out far more quickly. During this stage of life, thylankoderms are disproportionately likely to attack USSC explorers, perhaps because human silhouettes somewhat resemble that of flesh-bearded tiehe, one of their chief food sources. When larger prey items are scarce, they will use their chin spike to gash logs, hoping to expose infaunal invertebrates, such as pauropods, isomites, and leafleeches.

As thylankoderms age, they lose the ability to track prey across expanses of jungle simply because of their bulk. Even just moving around often requires them to topple trees. Adult thylankoderms graze by excavating helenophytes with their protruding chins. Since bipods do not have necks, they pivot their entire bodies to dig. Smaller helenophytes are finely chewed into a paste, shell and all, before being swallowed. If a helenophyte is too large to fit into the thylankoderm’s mouth, the animal will use its tail club to smash the shell open before using its two tongues to extract the soft innards. These animals, though far from docile, usually do not pose a threat unless approached.

Thylankoderm adults routinely create trails leading between particularly large helenophyte gardens and sources of water. This allows them to cover a substantially wider ranger and access far more resources than they would otherwise be able to; we found that a tagged male walked nearly 170 km in just a month. Though this is impressive, it still does not match the pace of the extinct Loxodonta cyclotis, a species of Holocene elephant which made similar paths in the bygone Gabonese rainforests. Just like elephants, thylankoderms are a keystone species in the mosaic forests they inhabit. By creating inflammable dirt paths as they travel, they make breaks that stop bushfires spreading into the interior of jungles. Ironically, this makes the base of the Flaming Mountains one of the few places in south-eastern Yanhuo where massive ancient jungles can be found.

During breeding season, male thylankoderms will create elaborate bower-nests out of wood they fell as they travel. Though this might have started as a pure sexual display, like that of the bowerbirds, these nests likely developed an important role in child rearing later in their evolutionary histories. Stacked logs is a great catalyst for xylophagous animals and small micropredators to start congregating. Hapless baby thylankoderms then feed on these congregating animals. This gives females which seek out males with the largest bowers a selective advantage because it gives her offspring the most potential food. Thylankoderm bower-nests give very young thylankoderms a safe feeding grounds until their demand grows to a point where they can no longer sustainably eat from the bower-nest. At this point, usually 6 or so months of age, they will either leave the nest themselves, or for the case of stubborn youth, be driven out by their mother. These younglings will usually still stay close to thylankoderm trails, capturing small animals around fallen trees.

A juvenile thylankoderm pursues a marsh pacer (Placomus palustris) on the outskirts of a path

Thylankoderms are far from the only species which walk their trails. Larger animals which have a hard time travelling through jungles will often use them as a shortcut to water sources. These animals attract their own predators, which hide in trees on either side of the path. During breeding season, female thylankoderms guard their nests to prevent predators from finding vulnerable juveniles. The predator most ubiquitously associated with thylankoderm trails is the now infamous mantis stork, which use it to amble between large bodies of water. If one is caught away from water in a dry spell, it will start wandering until it finds a trail and obsessively follow it to the end.

Despite their basal appearance, the fossil record suggests thylankoderms to be a very new lineage, diversifying after the mass extinction event 70 million years ago that ended the reign of herbivorous cheiropods in southern Yanhuo. Both morphologically and genetically, thylankoderms belong obviously to the plecclimorpha order, including the armored rammers in Yanhuo and pleccles in Changgu. Despite this, it remains frustratingly unclear where exactly thylankoderms fit within plecclimoirpha, though with the discovery of some basal oddball pleccles on the Naguo peninsula, I believe thylankoderms represent the most basal group in pleccloidea.

The first two illustrations, as well as the accompanying text, were a fan-submission by Spicybeast101 from our discord server. If you have similar fan-contributions in mind, you can send them to us and we might include them if we consider them fitting for the world.

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